P2 Cycle in WDM Networks

P2 Cycle in WDM Ne tworksP2-CYCLE IN WDM NETWORKSM.DILEEP Smt K .APARNAAbstractThe Failure Independent railsway apology (FIPP) p make pass is efficient escape. If failure occurs in pre configured oscillation it is tax shelter is reconfigured amid those two nary(prenominal)es. In this paper we use Parasitic fortress Links (PPL). PPLs ar p- make passs with work attached combines. PPLs argon use to protect the not only failure nodes exactly it machine-accessible to PPL to rhythm method. P2 stave is known as p cycle with parasitic defense links.We address The P2 cycle in occupy electronic vanes skunk be analysed by using single link failure. We further propose two P2-cycle based heuristic algorithms, Strict Routing Protection (SRP) and Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), to address the can-do dealings case. In the self-propelled case, two SRP and FRP outper seduce FIPP p-cycle schemes in terms of pulley block probability in most scenarios considered. In general, the P2-cycle security measure scheme outperforms the p-cycle based in terms of energy efficiencies which universe slightly slower in terms of traffic reco genuinely focal ratio.Key words Parasitic Protection Links (PPL), Strict Routing Protection (SRP), Flexible Routing Protection (FRP).I. INTRODUCTIONNetwork survivability, defined as the Continuous operations of cyberspace be performed in case failure occurred in the cyberspace 3. In gener altogethery optical meshs carry tuition in terabytes. A failure in network causes lot of loss of selective information. Ring based networks can easily come due to their structure and fast recovery management. In shout out based it takes 50-60ms but it gives efficacy redundancy advanced. As mesh based networks emerged, to a greater extent energy efficient protective covering schemes were proposed which throw overboard backup capacity sharing. These schemes ar into three categories link-based, segment-based and running-based 29.L ink-based security system schemes produce the fast traffic recovery speed but suffer from the worst resource efficiency .Best resource efficiency is procured by path based protection scheme. Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP) is ane of the path protection schemes. it is high capacity. upon a network failure. It takes broad time o recover from traffic. Segment based protection schemes perch between the link-based and path-based schemes, and offer a kick downstairs confederacy of bandwidth efficiency and recovery time.Path-based protection schemes usually achieve the best resource efficiency. Among them, a path protection scheme, namely, Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP), was shown to be the most capacity efficient protection scheme 8. However, it suffers from long traffic recovery time upon a network failure. Segment based protection schemes lie between the link-based and path-based schemes, and offer a infract combination of bandwidth efficiency and recovery time .The pre-configured protection cycle is known as p-cycle, combines the good qualities of mesh and ring based protection schemes and achieves the recovery speed of ring- based with the capacity efficiency of mesh protection. P-cycle has been proven theoretically to be the most efficient pre-configured protection scheme in terms of capacity efficiency and recovery speed .II. Dynamic Traffic ScenariosIn energising traffic without the prior knowledge of arriver time of future requests. Due to the pre-configuration property of traditional p-cycles, it is extremely difficult to re- provision all the protection cycles whenever a overbold sitting arrives in order to minimize overall live. Each provisioning takes large computation embody and complex network reconfiguration. Therefore, most of the work in the literature assume that established p-cycles should not shift with time or traffic. The authors in proposed three different routing algorithms on with link-based p-cycle protection sche me to deal with dynamic traffic. The results indicate that the proposed p-cycle based design performs let on than SBPP in dense networks but worse in distributed networks. Protected Working Capacity Envelopes (PWCE) is another method to address dynamic traffic scenarios. It divides the entire network into two partitions working and protection. Both static and dynamic traffic can be accommodated as long as the total traffic do not exceed the limit of working envelopes.Although some prissy results have been shown in the literature, p-cycles still have such(prenominal) intrinsic weakness in dealing with dynamic traffic. If an incoming session whose end nodes do not lie on either cycle, it cannot be saved and a new cycle has to be constructed to protect this session, or the living cycles must be reconfigured. An use shown in Figure 4.2 illustrates such weakness and excessively reveals the advantage of P2-cycles. In Fig. 4.2(a), session1 has been provisi aced and protected by cyc le C1(ECBFE). As session 2 arrives, the primary winding path of session 2 is provisi aced as P2(ABCD). Under FIPP p-cycle scheme, cycle C1 cannot protect it and thus a new cycle C2(ABCDEFA) is constructed to protect it as shown in Fig.4.2(b). However, instead of structure a new cycle, using P2-cycle approach we can add two PPLs (A,F) and (D,E) to connect the end nodes of P2 such that C1 can also provide a protection segment (AFED) for P2 as shown in Fig.4.2(c). Therefore, both sessions are protected by a P2-cycle with much less cost.Fig 1 P2-cycle deals With Dynamic TrafficIII. fuss StatementIn dynamic traffic scenarios, a WDM mesh network is given with network resources, such as the maximum number of wavelengths and the cost on each(prenominal) bilk. Each traffic request arrives to the network in a dynamic fashion such that it needs to be considered individually based on the latest network status. The network status consists of the detailed working and available wavelengths o n each span as well as all the accepted sessions and P2-cycles provisioned in the network.Given a network modelled as an undirected graph G = (VE) where each undirected span e2E has a cost ce, the current network which includes the currently used and available wave- lengths on each span e, each accepted session l and their protection P2-cycles. Provision incoming unicast sessions against some(prenominal)(prenominal) single-link failure with the minimum overall blocking probability by using P2-cycle scheme. The assumptions required in this dynamic traffic case are the same as that in the static case.We design two heuristics to address the dynamic traffic case. In the first method, named Strict Routing Protection (SRP), the primary and protection path for each incoming session are computed separately. The primary path is first off provisioned using Dijkstras shortest routing algorithm. Based on the primary path, either an existing P2-cycle or a new cycle is found to protect it. In the second method, named Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), the primary and protection paths of an incoming session are constructed jointly. The existing P2-cycles willing be preferred to being used first. If no existing one is able to protect the session, a new cycle will be formed. We allow spare capacity sharing between different sessions to increase the capacity efficiency.A. Strict Routing Protection (SRP)The motivation of SRP is to always subscribe to the shortest path to route the primary traffic in order to leave more spare capacity for protection, since the capacity used for primary path cannot be dowerd among different sessions. And thus we check whether any available P2 cycle can be exploited to protect this newly established session. Once being set up, the cycle for a P2-cycle cannot be changed.The protection links that are added to PPLs are one hop away from end nodes. The detail of the algorithm SRP described in following steps1. As a new session dl(sl tl) arrives, establish the primary path fl between sl and tl under current network status by using Dijkstras algorithm. If it fails, the session is blocked2. Sort all the existing P2-cycles, cp C, in the increasing order of (dl cp), which is One hop indicates that there exists a span in the network that connects a node to the cycle. If (dl cp) = infinite 1 for all cp C, then no existing cycle is able to protect this new session. Thus, a new cycle needs to be constructed to protect dl.3. For each existing protection cycle, cp, we construct a temporary graph G0, consisting of only the cycle spans of cp and all the spans connecting the source and destination nodes of l to the cycle . All the spans used by fl should be removed to ensure that its protection path is link-disjoint. Then, all the sessions protected by cp are checked and if an existing session in D can share the same cp with the new session l, we should make sure that either their primary paths or their protection paths are link-dis joint. we remove the protection paths of all the sessions in D whose primary paths are not link-disjoint with fl. If a protection path can still be found in the remaining G0 this protection path will be ql for l. Accordingly, the protection cycle is also determined, which should be updated if some PPLs are also used.4. If every existing cp fails to protect dl, a new cycle will be constructed to protect it. We first attempt to set about two diverse paths to form a cycle that is link-disjoint to fl. If such cycle cannot be found, then we pay off a path, ql, link-disjoint to fl and the cycle is formed by combining ql with fl.B. Flexible Routing Protection (FRP)Different from SRP, the flexible routing protection scheme considers primary and protection paths jointly for each arriving session. Instead of determining the primary path in advance, we examine each existing P2-cycle and find each potential protection path along the cycle that can connect the source and destination. For each potential protection path, we try to discover a primary path for it. If it succeeds, the session is accepted. Otherwise, a new cycle is constructed to protect the session.Flexible Routing Protection (FRP) Scheme algorithmic rule FRP is explained in following stepsGiven a new session dl(sl tl), all the available P2-cycles cp C are sorted in the increasing order of (dl cp).For each available cp, list all the practicable protection paths for dl. If the end nodes sl and tl are on the cycle, there are two possible segments along the cycle. If sl or(and) tl is not on the cycle, the path will be composed of parasitic links connecting sl or tl to the cycle and an on-cycle segment. We assume the average node degree in a given network is denoted by . Each cycle can provide two on cycle segments between any pair of on-cycle nodes. Each end node, sl or tl, can be connected to the cycle by at most PPLs given the node degree . Hence, the average number of candidate protection paths provided b y any P2-cycleFor each candidate ql, run Dijkstras algorithm to find a primary path fl in G that is not only link-disjoint to ql but also link-disjoint with other primary paths protected by the same cycle if their protection paths are not link-disjoint. If it succeeds, we store the combination in a temporary set T, which is initialized as . After checking all the existing P2-cycles, we check set T and find the combination with minimum cost of fl. We recover the spans removed from G and update the network status. If no existing P2-cycle can be used to protect session dl, we use Bhandaris algorithm to find two link-disjoint paths between si and ti to form a new P2-cycle. If it fails, the session is blocked. Otherwise, the session is accepted and one of the paths (usually the shorter one) is used as the primary path fl, and the network is updated.IV. Results for Dynamic TrafficBased on two P2-cycle protection algorithms, SRP and FRP, proposed for provisioning dynamic requests, we con duct a mannequin study to compare the surgical operation of these algorithms under dynamic traffic. The networks used in the simulations are NSFNET, COST239 and USNET, in which USNET network, shown in Fig. 2 has 24 nodes and 43 edges and the average node degree is 3.58.Fig.2 USNET(24 nodes, 43 edges)In each simulation run, 1000 randomly generated unicast requests are loaded to the network sequentially and the reject ratio is recorded. The arrival of traffic follows Poisson distribution with requests per second and the duration of an accepted connection is exponentially distributed with a mean of . The traffic load measured in Erlangs is Each connection requires an entire wavelength to transmit the traffic. The maximum capacity on each network link is set to 16 wavelengths.Figures 3,4,and 5 show the blocking probability of dynamic traffic using SRP, FRP and FIPP p-cycle in NSFNET, USNET and COST239 networks, respectively. Each point in the figures is the average value of 200 simu lation runs for each traffic load. For FIPP p-cycle scheme, the primary path of each arriving connection is provisioned first by using Dijkstras algorithm, and then protected by a p-cycle.Fig 3(a) equality of blocking probability in NSFNET(W=16)Fig 3(b)Comparison of blocking probability in COST239(W=16)Fig 3(c)Comparison of blocking probability in USNET(W=16)The results show that both SRP and FRP achieve lower blocking probability than FIPP under most of the network scenarios. In NSFNET, SRP achieves better proceeding than the other two schemes. In USNET, FRP outperforms SRP and FIPP under every scenarios. In COST239, however, SRP and FIPP achieves the same session blocking ratio, which is better than FRP, when the traffic load is relatively low. As the traffic load increases where the network is very saturated, FRP turns to perform better than SRP and FIPP.Based on the results, SRP performs better than other two schemes in relatively small and sparse networks at a low level of tra ffic load. FRP achieves the best performance in larger and denser networks, especially when the network is very saturated. One of the reason that SRP performs better in small and sparse networks, such as, NSF, is that to provision a session always using the shortest path will save some capacity for protection in a long run. Hence, more capacity can be used for protection such that more cycles can be established. in a network with high nodal degree, a cycle is more credibly to reach a large group of nodes compared with a sparse network. In this case, FRP has a higher discover to protect a given session by using existing P2-cycles when network load is very high and the network is over saturated.Fig 4(a).Comparison of NOR in NSFNET(W=16)Fig 4(b).Comparison of NOR in cost239(W=16)Fig 4(c).Comparison of NOR in USNET(W=16)We also studied the average NOR of each accepted connection as in dynamic traffic scenarios and the results are shown in Figures 4(a),4(b) and 4(c). As expected, FIPP achieves the best solution with exact two node reconfigurations for each connection. Meanwhile, SRP also performs better than FRP in three networks. This reveals that connections protected by FRP use more PPLs than those used by SRP, which follows from the basic archetype on which the two algorithms are based. It is worth noting that the average NOR achieved by SRP is almost stable below 2.4 in NSF and USNET and 2.7 in COST239. This indicates that most of the connections only need two no reconfigurations upon a network failure, especially in NSF and USNET. FRP has larger average NOR because it iterates every existing p-cycle in the network to protect each session and postulate the one with minimum cost but not the one with minimum NOR. Shorter primary paths always results in longer protection paths such that more PPLs are used to protect each session.Therefore, based on the simulation results, SRP and FRP both achieves the lowest blocking probability than FIPP in most of the netwo rk scenarios considered and each scheme has advantage over the other in different network scenarios. SRP has better failure recovery performance than FRP. In dynamic traffic scenarios, the P2-cycle protection scheme is faster protection scheme provides an enhancement of capacity efficiency over the FIPP p-cycle with asmall change in the recovery time.VI. ExtensionThe p2-cycles can be extended to link failures can be obtained. If one node can be failed then the data will be passed through alternative paths to reach to the destination. The p2 cycle can be defined as the original p-cycle The protection links that are added to PPLs are one hop away from end nodes. For p2-cycles the network data can be efficiently transferred to destination which is one hop away from the nodes.V. ConclusionsIn this paper new p cycle protection is done in mesh based protection networks. By using the parasitic protection links (PPL), FIPP p-cycle can be extended through paths from end nodes which are one h op away from the failure nodes of p cycles. In dynamic traffic scenarios., in dynamic their are two algorithms are proposed Strict Routing Protection (SRP) and Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), to handle dynamic traffic demands in order to minimize the total number of blocked sessions.In dynamic traffic case the blocking probability less by using algorithms SRP and FRP comparing with FIPP p cycles. 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